Civil
/ˈsɪv.əl/noun
Relating to citizens, public life, or polite behavior.
Did you know?Civil comes from Latin *civis* (“citizen”), the same root behind *civic* and *civilization*—so its oldest meaning is not “nice,” but “of the people who belong inside the polity.”
Etymological Timeline
Proto-Indo-European
PIE
*kei-
“to lie down, settle, or dwell”
Latin
Latin
civis
“citizen, member of a community”
Latin
Latin
civilis
“of a citizen; pertaining to public life; courteous”
Old French
Old French
civil
“civil, worldly, polite”
Middle English
English
civil
“relating to citizens or the state; courteous”
Modern English
English
civil
“relating to ordinary citizens and their affairs; polite or formal in manner”
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